{"id":581,"date":"2022-09-08T20:04:21","date_gmt":"2022-09-08T20:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/?page_id=581"},"modified":"2023-02-15T15:32:25","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T15:32:25","slug":"understanding-drivers-that-affect-the-mobility-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/foresee-scenarios-for-assessing-the-impacts-of-emerging-urban-mobility-environments\/understanding-drivers-that-affect-the-mobility-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding the drivers that affect the mobility system"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Description&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h4|text_align:left|color:%234b6584&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span data-contrast=\"none\">An encompassing selection of external <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">factors that are likely to have a significant direct or indirect effect on the studied system (drivers) is crucial for scenario processes.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The SPROUT project <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">identified transition drivers following the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/download\/pestel-approach\/\">PESTEL approach (Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Political)<\/a> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW79540191 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW79540191 BCX9\">for conducting trend analysis. This is a framework used to analyze and monitor the macro-environmental factors that may have a profound impact on an organization or other entity.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Political <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">factors relate to the extent of government influence on the economy and its consequences for transport and mobility, including tax policy, regulatory prices, political stability, and corruption. Those may also include goods and services that the government wishes to provide and\/or support or is required to provide (i.e. foreign trade policies and trade restrictions).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Economic<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> drivers reflect how the urban economy is changing due to new (more flexible) employment, increasing tourism, new business models largely driven by digitalization, economic growth and crisis, and changing consumption patterns. All of these have an impact on mobility, for instance in terms of higher travel volumes or the growing demand for alternative modes of transport.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Social <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">drivers are having a profound impact on mobility as a result of increasing long-distance movements due to migration, modernist urban planning that can lead to higher density and gentrification in inner cities, aging population structures in most of Europe, and more health- and environmentally-conscious generations that support an active transport infrastructure while increasingly rejecting car ownership.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Technological<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> developments have the potential to guide future development, heading towards electrification of the mobility system, the introduction of smart city technology, and citizen- and consumer-oriented digitalization and automation in the long run. These trends can pose a challenge for urban planners and city authorities, as they are accompanied by demands to change networks, e.g. in terms of charging stations, digital booking, and information systems, or increased road safety.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Environmental <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and climate change impacts of (and on) transport are forcing cities to encourage a shift from cars to sustainable modes of transport. In addition to the well-known global impacts of climate change, local environmental quality related to air pollution and noise pollution in cities has become a major focus of transport and mobility planning, which also necessitates the introduction of low emission zones, speed limits, downsizing of infrastructure or electrification of public and private transport.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">While <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">legal <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">factors overlap to some extent with political drivers, they also include more specific laws that impact mobility, such as labor laws, consumer protection laws, data and privacy laws, and health and safety laws. Globally operating mobility actors need to comply with laws that differ from country to country. Furthermore, it is important to be aware of possible changes in legislation and their implications for future mobility systems.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Understanding the directional trends of the drivers, and the linkages between the drivers and the trends form a key part of scenario building. For details about these linkages, please see SPROUT\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/download\/sprout-catalogue-of-urban-mobility-transition-drivers\/\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW17504669 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW17504669 BCX9\"><strong>catalogue of urban mobility transition drivers<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW17504669 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW17504669 BCX9\">.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW191563333 BCX9\">Moreover, gaining an understanding of the urban mobility stakeholders that <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW191563333 BCX9\">affect<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW191563333 BCX9\"> or are being affected by the transition is also important. SPROUT has generated a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/download\/sprout-urban-mobility-transition-drivers-and-stakeholders-template-kpis\/\"><strong>catalogue of urban mobility stakeholders<\/strong><\/a><b> <\/b><span class=\"TextRun SCXW145493565 BCX9\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW145493565 BCX9\">that can be used as a guide for identifying relevant stakeholders who might be needed to be consulted or informed in the scenario-building process.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>More information on the SPROUT drivers can be found in the following video presentation, from minutes 26&#8242; to 32&#8242;.[\/vc_column_text]<style type=\"text\/css\">@media (min-width:992px){.empty_space69d599f99745f {padding-top: 20;}}@media (max-width:991px){.empty_space69d599f99745f {padding-top: 15;}}@media (max-width:600px){.empty_space69d599f99745f {padding-top: 10;}}<\/style><div class=\"pt-plus-empty-space empty_space69d599f99745f \" data-uid=\"empty_space69d599f99745f\" ><\/div><style><\/style><div class=\"pt_plus_video-box-shadow video_player69d599f9974f7\"><div class=\"pt_plus_video_player   \"><div class=\"ts-video-wrapper embed-container  ts-type-youtube\"><iframe width=\"100%\"  src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FSSNRoEw18k?modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;showtitle=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">@media (min-width:992px){.empty_space69d599f997525 {padding-top: 20;}}@media (max-width:991px){.empty_space69d599f997525 {padding-top: 15;}}@media (max-width:600px){.empty_space69d599f997525 {padding-top: 10;}}<\/style><div class=\"pt-plus-empty-space empty_space69d599f997525 \" data-uid=\"empty_space69d599f997525\" ><\/div>[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;SPROUT materials and tools&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h4|text_align:left|color:%234b6584&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;]<style type=\"text\/css\">@media (min-width:992px){.empty_space69d599f997552 {padding-top: 20;}}@media (max-width:991px){.empty_space69d599f997552 {padding-top: 15;}}@media (max-width:600px){.empty_space69d599f997552 {padding-top: 10;}}<\/style><div class=\"pt-plus-empty-space empty_space69d599f997552 \" data-uid=\"empty_space69d599f997552\" ><\/div>[vc_column_text]<div class='w3eden'><!-- WPDM Link Template: Default Template -->\n\n<div class=\"link-template-default card mb-2\">\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <div class=\"media\">\n            <div class=\"mr-3 img-48\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wpdm_icon\" alt=\"Icon\" src=\"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/pdf.svg\" \/><\/div>\n            <div class=\"media-body\">\n                <h3 class=\"package-title\"><a href='https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/download\/sprout-urban-mobility-transition-drivers-and-stakeholders-template-kpis\/'>SPROUT - Catalogue of urban mobility stakeholders<\/a><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"text-muted text-small\"><i class=\"fas fa-copy\"><\/i> 1 file(s) <i class=\"fas fa-hdd ml-3\"><\/i> 83.67 KB<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ml-3\">\n                <a class='wpdm-download-link download-on-click btn btn-primary '  rel='nofollow' href='#' data-downloadurl=\"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/download\/sprout-urban-mobility-transition-drivers-and-stakeholders-template-kpis\/?wpdmdl=806&refresh=69d599f99cfc61775606265\">Download<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class='w3eden'><!-- WPDM Link Template: Default Template -->\n\n<div class=\"link-template-default card mb-2\">\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <div class=\"media\">\n            <div class=\"mr-3 img-48\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wpdm_icon\" alt=\"Icon\" src=\"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/pdf.svg\" \/><\/div>\n            <div class=\"media-body\">\n                <h3 class=\"package-title\"><a href='https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/download\/sprout-catalogue-of-urban-mobility-transition-drivers\/'>SPROUT - Catalogue of Urban Mobility Transition Drivers<\/a><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"text-muted text-small\"><i class=\"fas fa-copy\"><\/i> 1 file(s) <i class=\"fas fa-hdd ml-3\"><\/i> 463.86 KB<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ml-3\">\n                <a class='wpdm-download-link download-on-click btn btn-primary '  rel='nofollow' href='#' data-downloadurl=\"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/download\/sprout-catalogue-of-urban-mobility-transition-drivers\/?wpdmdl=697&refresh=69d599f9a0d921775606265\">Download<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>SPROUT D2.1 Urban Mobility Transition Inventory<\/li>\n<li>SPROUT D2.3 Urban Mobility Transition Drivers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<style type=\"text\/css\">@media (min-width:992px){.empty_space69d599f9a180f {padding-top: 20;}}@media (max-width:991px){.empty_space69d599f9a180f {padding-top: 15;}}@media (max-width:600px){.empty_space69d599f9a180f {padding-top: 10;}}<\/style><div class=\"pt-plus-empty-space empty_space69d599f9a180f \" data-uid=\"empty_space69d599f9a180f\" ><\/div>[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Other relevant tools and methods&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h4|text_align:left|color:%234b6584&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]<div class='w3eden'><!-- WPDM Link Template: Default Template -->\n\n<div class=\"link-template-default card mb-2\">\n    <div class=\"card-body\">\n        <div class=\"media\">\n            <div class=\"mr-3 img-48\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wpdm_icon\" alt=\"Icon\" src=\"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/download-manager\/assets\/file-type-icons\/web.svg\" \/><\/div>\n            <div class=\"media-body\">\n                <h3 class=\"package-title\"><a href='https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/download\/pestel-approach\/'>PESTEL Approach<\/a><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"text-muted text-small\"><i class=\"fas fa-copy\"><\/i> 1 file(s) <i class=\"fas fa-hdd ml-3\"><\/i> 0.00 KB<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ml-3\">\n                <a class='wpdm-download-link download-on-click btn btn-primary '  rel='nofollow' href='#' data-downloadurl=\"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/download\/pestel-approach\/?wpdmdl=759&refresh=69d599f9a34b71775606265\">Download<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>[\/vc_column_text]<style type=\"text\/css\">@media (min-width:992px){.empty_space69d599f9a3e8b {padding-top: 20;}}@media (max-width:991px){.empty_space69d599f9a3e8b {padding-top: 15;}}@media (max-width:600px){.empty_space69d599f9a3e8b {padding-top: 10;}}<\/style><div class=\"pt-plus-empty-space empty_space69d599f9a3e8b \" data-uid=\"empty_space69d599f9a3e8b\" ><\/div>[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Data required&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h4|text_align:left|color:%234b6584&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]Expert and stakeholder knowledge[\/vc_column_text]<style type=\"text\/css\">@media (min-width:992px){.empty_space69d599f9a3ea6 {padding-top: 20;}}@media (max-width:991px){.empty_space69d599f9a3ea6 {padding-top: 15;}}@media (max-width:600px){.empty_space69d599f9a3ea6 {padding-top: 10;}}<\/style><div class=\"pt-plus-empty-space empty_space69d599f9a3ea6 \" data-uid=\"empty_space69d599f9a3ea6\" ><\/div>[vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Further information&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h4|text_align:left|color:%234b6584&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]This section is based on<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">SPROUT Deliverable 2.1: Urban mobility transition inventory, written by Geert <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">te<\/span> <span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Boveldt<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">, <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Imre<\/span> <span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Keseru<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">, <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Mareile<\/span> <span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Wiegmann<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">, Cathy <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Macharis<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"> (VUB); Frederic Rudolph, Stefan Werland (WI), Aristos <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Halatsis<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"> (CERTH), Teresa de la Cruz, Beatriz <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Royo<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"> (ZLC), Maria Eugenia Lopez <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Lambas<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">, Maria Amor Ariza Alvarez, Julio Soria-Lara (UPM), and\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">SPROUT Deliverable 3.1: City-specific urban mobility scenarios, written by <\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Sara Tori, Geert <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">te<\/span> <span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Boveldt<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">, <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Imre<\/span> <span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Keseru<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">, Cathy <\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\">Macharis<\/span><span data-ccp-parastyle=\"No Spacing\"> (VUB)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<style type=\"text\/css\">@media (min-width:992px){.empty_space69d599f9a3eb8 {padding-top: 20;}}@media (max-width:991px){.empty_space69d599f9a3eb8 {padding-top: 15;}}@media (max-width:600px){.empty_space69d599f9a3eb8 {padding-top: 10;}}<\/style><div class=\"pt-plus-empty-space empty_space69d599f9a3eb8 \" data-uid=\"empty_space69d599f9a3eb8\" ><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=&#8221;Back&#8221; style=&#8221;classic&#8221; color=&#8221;info&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_onclick=&#8221;true&#8221; custom_onclick_code=&#8221;history.back(-1)&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Description&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h4|text_align:left|color:%234b6584&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text]An encompassing selection of external factors that are likely to have a significant direct or indirect effect on the studied system (drivers) is<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":447,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-581","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=581"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1368,"href":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/581\/revisions\/1368"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sprouttoolbox.nuacampus.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}